The title herb or spice enhances each food, individually. In some cases you can make combinations, but that is up to you to experiment with. If you doubt the compatibility of foods on the list, test them before you commit to a full-blown recipe.
The foods on the list are generalized. For instance, poultry could be chicken, duck, turkey, quail, or ostrich. Similar results could be had with pork and veal as well. Citrus includes lemons, limes, oranges, and the like. Grains could be rice, oatmeal, or quinoa. Of course, those foods do not all taste the same, but they all combine favorably with the title flavor.
There are foods that do not appear on the list, such as rhubarb, which will respond like foods with a similar effect, such as citrus, cranberries, tamarind, and tropical fruits. Experiment accordingly.
Basil - Artichokes, beef, blue cheese, coconut, eggplant, figs, garlic, leafy vegetables, mint, mushrooms, olives, oregano, parsley, peaches, poultry, raspberries, rosemary, seafood, thyme, tomato, vinegar
Bay - Artichokes, apples, bananas, beans, beef, blue cheese, citrus, dates, figs, game meats, grains, mushrooms, nuts, potatoes, poultry, seafood, stone fruits, tamarind, thyme, tomatoes
Chervil - Artichokes, asparagus, carrots, cheese, chives, citrus, eggs, grains, green beans, leafy vegetables, mushrooms, nuts, onions, parsley, pasta, potatoes, seafood, tarragon, thyme, vinegar
Chives - Asparagus, beets, blue cheese, chervil, dill, eggs, horseradish, leafy greens, mushrooms, olives, pasta, parsley, potatoes, seafood, tarragon
Cilantro - Avocados, beef, chiles, citrus, coconut, coriander, corn, cumin, curry, dates, fennel, figs, garlic, mint, oregano, pepper, sausage, seafood, tomatoes, yogurt
Dill - Anise, beets, blue cheese, cabbage, caraway, carrots, chives, cucumbers, eggs, fennel, mint, oregano, parsley, potatoes, seafood, tarragon, tomatoes, veal, yeast bread
Fennel - Artichokes, anise, apples, artichokes, basil, beans, blue cheese, cabbage, cilantro, dill, eggplant, figs, garlic, olives, onions, oregano, parsley, potatoes, thyme, tomato, sausage, seafood, veal
Lavender - Anise, apples, berries, cranberry, fennel, figs, foie gras, game meats, garlic, juniper, rose, rosemary, thyme, olives, oregano, potato, sage, stone fruit, sugar, tarragon, tea
Lemongrass - Berries, carrots, chiles, cilantro, coriander, coconut, curry, garlic, onions, pepper, poultry, parsley, seafood, tea, thyme, tomato
Mint - Basil, beans, beef, carrots, chocolate, cilantro, citrus, coconut, coriander, cranberry, eggplant, fennel, figs, game meats, garlic, grains, parsley, poultry, seafood, tea, yogurt
Oregano - Artichokes, basil, beans, beef, blue cheese, cinnamon, cumin, eggplant, fennel, garlic, mushrooms, nuts, parsley, pasta, poultry, seafood, squash, thyme, tomatoes, veal
Parsley - Artichokes, asparagus, basil, bay, beans, beef, chervil, chives, dill, game meats, garlic, mushrooms, grains, onions, oregano, pasta, potatoes, poultry, seafood, thyme, tomatoes
Rosemary - Apples, asparagus, basil, beans, beef, blue cheese, caramel, citrus, cranberry, game meats, garlic, grains, fennel, figs, mushrooms, nuts, onion, oregano, parsley, potatoes, poultry, raisins, sage, seafood, sugar, thyme, tomatoes
Sage - Anchovy, capers, citrus, cranberry, beef, blue cheese, game meats, garlic, green beans, lavender, mushrooms, nuts, parsley, plums, poultry, rosemary, seafood, thyme, veal
Sorrel - Chives, beans, beef, blue cheese, eggs, leafy greens, oregano, parsley, poultry, thyme, seafood, squash
Tarragon - Artichokes, carrots, chervil, citrus, eggs, foie gras, garlic, leafy greens, mushrooms, onion, oregano, parsley, potatoes, poultry, seafood, thyme, tomatoes, veal
Thyme - Artichokes, bananas, basil, bay, beans, blue cheese, carrots, chervil, citrus, cranberry, dates, dill, figs, mint, mushrooms, nuts, onion, oregano, parsley, potatoes, poultry, raisins, sage, seafood, stone fruit, tomatoes